by montyloree » Sat Jul 23, 2005 12:00:00 AM
It took me a while to figure out how life insurance companies make their money. I thought to myself, "If everybody who owned a life insurance policy died, the life insurance companies would be bankrupt within a short time."
It's obvious when you think about it, only a small percentage of people have an active life insurance policy when they die. This is the only thing that makes sense business wise.
The best way to explain to explain a life insurance companies revenue is by talking about a 10 year term life insurance policy:
Let's say you start off at age 30 with a 10 year term life insurance policy. It will expire when you're 40 years old. (I love easy math). Actuarilly speaking, you're not supposed to die between the ages of 30 to 40. Let's say you purchased a $250,000 life insurance policy and your premiums each month are $100.00, or $1200 per year.
In order to maintain your coverage for a 10 year period, you are going to pay out $12,000 in premiums. If you die at any point during the 10 years, your beneficiaries are going to receive $250,000. That's a pretty good return on investment. The only problem is, you're not going to be there to enjoy it.
If you don't die in the 10 year period that you own your policy, the life insurance companies keeps the $12,000 that you paid them. So... they in fact made $12,000 for a sale that took 2 hours, 10 years ago. All they had to do was keep your policy listed and up to date and send you yearly notices of the status of your account, if that.
After the 10 year policy has expired, you take out another one at an even higher rate of premiums.
Obviously there's much more to the life insurance business than that, however, that's it. Millions of people take out life insurance policies and pay them for the full term and never see the benefit of their money. (Which isn't a bad thing)
Here's the next step to understand. Life insurance companies won't sell you a policy past a certain age (approx 70 years old) They won't sell policies that take you into your late 70's and early 80's. These are the years where, actuarily speaking, people are likely to die from natural causes.
What the life insurance companies are hoping is that you'll purchase life insurance packages through out your life. That gives them a stream of income. By the time your old enough to die from natural causes, you won't have a life insurance policy in place. Thus you won't be able to collect anything.
For simplicity sake, let's assume that you started your life insurance policy when you were 20 years old and paid until you were 70. Let's say that your payments averaged $100 per month over that time period. That's 50 years or 600 months. 600 months x $100 = $60,000 paid to the insurance company.
Again for simplicity sake, let's assume that you die right when your last policy runs out at age 70. If your policy was for $250,000 and you only paid in $60,000, you would make a net return of $190,000. You would have to get a unreasonably high rate of return all of those years to match $190,000.
If you don't die by age 70, then the life insurance company has made $60,000 of revenue and won't have to assume any more risk for you.
In a highly simplified manner, that's how the life insurance companies make their money.