In credit report, there are 3 letters used. Letter "I" stands for installment credit which is for loans. Letter "O" stands for Open which is for open credit like line of credit. Letter R stands for revolving credit like for credit cards.
Number after letter has a meaning. Number- 1= Missed installments. Which means I1, O1 and R1 means perfect account. When a person misses 6 installments, then R5 may be applicable. Within these 6 month period, credit card companies try to contact the person to remind of overdue payment. If the person has left the country or moved without trace, only in those cases R5 is possible. In spite of trying and exploring all possible avenue, if the debtor is not responding only in such cases, R9 may be added by credit card company as bad debt or not possible to recover.
In this particular thread, we are discussing authority of collection agency to put R9 before small claims court or civil court proceedings as the case may be depending on amount.
Authority of collection agency to add R9 independently can be challenged.